§ 61.107   Flight proficiency.
(a) General. A person who applies for a private pilot certificate must receive and log ground and flight training from an authorized instructor on the areas of operation of this section that apply to the aircraft category and class rating sought.

(b) Areas of operation. (1) For an airplane category rating with a single-engine class rating:

(i) Preflight preparation: wieght & balance, weather briefing, preformance charts, compass behavior, fuel burn.

(ii) Preflight procedures: airplane check using check list;

(iii) Airport  operations: controlled and uncontrolled airports;

(iv) Takeoffs : shortfield, softfield, crosswind, landings: shortfield, softfield, crosswind, and go-arounds;

(v) Performance maneuvers: short field take off;

(vi) Ground reference maneuvers: S-turns, turns-around-a-point;

(vii) Navigation: Pilotage(map), deduced reckoning(time and distance);

(viii) Slow flight (flight at less than cruise) and stalls: power-on and power-off and stall recovery;

(ix) Basic instrument maneuvers: 3 hours, partial panel;

(x) Emergency operations: engine out, best glide;

(xi) Night operations: cross country greater than 100nm. (dual)

(xii) Postflight procedures.